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Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhitha-Assignment 2-Part A - Common Intention

 

Common Intention in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Introduction to Common Intention

Common intention is an essential principle in criminal law, which states that when two or more individuals act together with a shared purpose to commit a crime, each person involved is equally responsible for the offense.

In Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, the concept of common intention is covered under Section 35, which deals with joint liability in criminal acts. This provision ensures that all persons participating in a crime are held accountable, regardless of their specific role in the offense.

The core idea behind common intention is that even if only one person physically commits the crime, all those who actively contributed to the criminal act with a shared objective will be equally punished. Courts determine common intention based on the circumstances, prior planning, and conduct of the accused.

Common Intention in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

1. Definition and Legal Provisions (Section 35 – Common Intention)

  • When two or more people intentionally commit an offense together, they are equally responsible for the crime.
  • Example: If A and B plan to rob a shop and B commits the theft while A stands guard, both A and B are equally guilty.

2. Key Elements of Common Intention

  1. Pre-arranged Plan: There must be a prior agreement or understanding between individuals to commit the crime.
  2. Active Participation: All accused must have actively contributed to the crime, either by planning or assisting.
  3. Unity of Purpose: The crime must have been committed with the same intention by all involved.

3. Punishment for Crimes Committed with Common Intention

  • If a crime is committed with common intention, each person is punished as if they committed the offense alone.
  • The degree of participation does not reduce the liability.
  • Example: If a group of people attacks someone, even if only one delivers the fatal blow, all involved are guilty of murder.

4. Distinction Between Common Intention and Common Object

Aspect Common Intention Common Object
Definition A prior plan to commit a crime together. A sudden unlawful gathering with a shared goal.
Number of People Required At least two people. At least five people.
Example Two friends plan and execute a robbery. A violent mob attacks a police station.

Examples of Common Intention in Criminal Cases

Crime Example Legal Consequence
Murder A group plans and kills a rival. All involved are guilty of murder.
Robbery One person steals while the other helps in escape. Both are guilty of theft.
Assault A gang beats up a person after planning. All attackers are punished equally.
Kidnapping Two people kidnap a child for ransom. Both are guilty of abduction.

Significance of Common Intention Laws

  1. Ensures Accountability

    • Prevents criminals from escaping punishment by blaming others.

  2. Strengthens Justice System

    • Helps courts punish all involved in a crime fairly.

  3. Prevents Group Crimes

    • Deters people from forming criminal conspiracies.

  4. Applies Even If One Person Commits the Act

    • Even if one person physically commits the crime, all who planned it are guilty.

Conclusion

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, ensures that all persons acting with a common intention to commit a crime are held equally responsible. This law prevents criminals from evading liability by blaming each other and ensures that justice is served fairly.

Courts analyze the accused's actions, planning, and intent before applying Section 35. The principle of common intention is essential in criminal law, as it prevents group crimes and ensures accountability for all involved in an offense.

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